Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (HWSN) Management

nonuniform Wireless Sensor Networks (HWSN) ManagementA Key Management Establishment purpose in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (HWSN)Premamayudu B, Venkata rao K, and Suresh Varma PAbstr snatch Key focus is the one of the fundamental requirement for securing the hierarchical radio sensing element networks (HWSN) and as well as prevents adversarial activities. This paper lays a new pairwise advert management intent using intercellular substance for HWSNs. In HWSN, foregather headers ar more powerful than cluster members in all the resources alike(p) power, storage, communication and processing information. This heterogeneity alleviates the overhead of cluster members during the mainstay establishment. All the expensive tallys female genital organ be given to cluster headers in the network. Compared with other general pick out management schemes, our scheme has many advantages in consuming the resources. The experiment and analysis show that our scheme fuckin g maintain the full network connectivity, thriving configuration management, neighbor cluster members directly establish pairwise depicts during the communication and reduce storage overhead.Keywords Pairwise key, Symmetric ground substance, Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks, Key establishment.1. IntroductionA wireless detector networks build with a large number of sensors, which are equipped with batteries, sensing, communication unit, data processing and radio communication unit. At present any real time applications implementing on wireless sensor networks, like home automation, environment monitoring, military or surety areas, targeting and target tracking systems, market-gardening monitoring system and battlefield surveillance. However all the applications need protection in all the level of the sensor network. The wireless connectivity, the interaction among the sensor inspissations, data gathering and query processing and physical protection. If the sensors are equ ipped with built-in tamper-resistance mechanisms, the memory chips are still suffering from various memory read-out vulnerabilities 1.Key management is the mechanism to provide the security in all the levels of the wireless sensor networks. Since sensor lymph nodes in WSNs have constrains in their computational power and memory capability and security. The resolutenesss of traditional networks like computing machine networks, ad hoc networks, and wired networks are not suitable for WSNs. The goal of key management in WSNs is to solve the problem of creating, distributing and defend those abstruse keys. Hence, the feasible and reliable techniques for key management and distribution of these keys are of major importance for the security in WSNs.The trusted server scheme 9 is not suitable for sensor networks because there is no trusted infrastructure in sensor networks. The self-enforcing scheme 10 is also not suitable due to the limited computation and energy resources of sensor nodes often groom it undesirable to use public key algorithms, such(prenominal) as Diffie-Hellman key organisation. The third type of key agreement scheme is key pre-distribution. at that place exist a number of key predistribution schemes which do not depend on a priori deployment knowledge. A naive solution is to let all the nodes carry a master secret key. This scheme does not exhibit desirable network resilience if one node is compromised, the security of the entire sensor network will be compromised. Another key pre-distribution scheme is to let each sensor carry N 1 secret pairwise keys 3, each of which is known only to this sensor and one of the other N 1 sensors (assuming N is the total number of sensors). The resilience of this scheme is perfect. But this scheme is impractical for sensors with an extremely limited amount of memory because N could be large. Moreover, adding new nodes to a pre-existing sensor network is difficult because the existing nodes do not have the new nodes keys. Eschenauer and Gligor 7, proposed a random key pre-distribution scheme each sensor node receives a random subset of keys from a large key space pool, to agree on a key for communication, two nodes find one common ( overlap) key within their subsets and use that key as their shared secret key. The problem with this scheme is that when we pick a large key pool, the connectivity of the sensor networks becomes low. In this paper, we will pick pairwise key pre-distribution scheme as the radical scheme and develop this scheme on the deployment model and show that knowledge regarding the sensor deployment can help us improve the performance of a pairwise key predistribution scheme.2. Related WorkThe fundamental work is introduced by Blom, who proposed a KPS allowing any pair of nodes to establish pairwise key directly 12. The set of keys generated from A.G in Bloms Scheme as a key-space, Du et al.13 improved Bloms scheme using Vandermonde hyaloplasm G, and employing m ultiple key-space KPS.Nodes may be deployed following a pre-defined method in sure situations. In nodes deployment using pairplane 14, for example, sensors nodes are partitioned into a sequence of groups and dropped out of the pairplane sequentially as the airplane flies forward. It is easy to see that sensor groups that are dropped adjacent to each other have a better chance to be close to each other after deployment. By exploiting deployment knowledge in such situations, Du et al. 14 extended Eschenauer-Gligors scheme and proposed a key management scheme. Du et al. further extended the scheme in 13 and proposed a new KPS using deployment knowledge 15. opposite relevant works include Eschenauer and Gligors random KPS 10, Chan et al.s q-composite random KPS 11, etc.3. Our Key Establishment Scheme in HWSNs3.1. Network ModelThere are three types of nodes in our key establishment scheme, namely Base Station (BS), Cluster Header (H-Sensor) and Cluster Member (L-Sensor). Base Station operated solely in secured environment. In the case of H-Sensor and L-Sensor are not operated in the secure area. If the sensor nodes are captured by adversaries, whole material can be accessible. We bear the maximum energy cluster head (MECH) protocol for our network architecture 1. As shown in Figure 1, in the MECH architecture, the sensors automatically organized into some clusters and act as two types of nodes in the network cluster heads and cluster member nodes. In each cluster, one node as a H (H-Sensor) manages the its associated cluster and forward the information from member nodes to the base station (BS). MECH constructs clusters according to the radio signal range and the number of cluster nodes. The nodes distribution is more evenly in all the clusters in the network. This distribution does not exceed a certain threshold.BS Base StationH Cluster HeadL Cluster MemberFigure 1 Architecture of heterogeneous Sensor Networks3.2. Assumptions(i) All nodes are static(ii) Each sensor has unique ID assigned by Base Station(iii) If a sensor is compromised, whole material in the node is accessible(iv)The Base Station can communicate with Cluster Heads3.3. prefatorial SchemeOur scheme is completely variant form the Bloms Scheme 12. This scheme is completely modified in the way of usage and generating matrices.3.3.1. System setupThere are N sensor nodes to be deployed in the network including Cluster Heads and Base Station, and be the security parameter.Base Station selects N apparent key seeds s1,s2,..,sN from the Finite plain stitch GFq, where q is the prime number. E rattling seed si mapped with a identifier idi.Base Station generates a secret (+1)N matrix GG is a secret matrix in our scheme. It is compressed with selected seed from the Finite Field GFq.3.3.2. Key pre-distribution(i) Base Station generates the secret symmetric matrix (+1)(+1) form GFq, and Computes the public matrix A=(D.G)T.(ii) Base Station pre loads each key seed si and its identif ier idi to the ith sensor node including Cluster Heads and also stores ith row from the matrix A.3.3.3. Pairwise Key EstablishmentAfter deployment, each sensor node broadcast its key seed identifier idi to its neighbors. Any two neighbor nodes can establish pairwise keys directly. Let the ith node and the jth node want to establish a pairwise key to secure the communication channel.Calculation at ith nodeThe ith column of matrix G using its key seed si (si,si2,.,si+1)And (aj1,aj2,..,aj(+1)) be the jth row of the matrix A, which plastered before deployment by BS.The ith node proposes the pairwise key with jth node denoted as kji.kij=(aj1,aj2,..,aj(+1)). (si,si2,.,si+1)kij=Calculation at jth nodeThe jth sensor node calculate the jth column of matrix G using its key seed sj(sj,sj2,sj3,..,sj+1)And (ai1,ai2,..,ai(+1)) be the ith row of matrix A, loaded by the BS.The jth node calculate the pairwise key kij askij= It remains to show that kij=kij, because the matrix k=A.G is a symmetric m atrix. i.e kij calculated by the cluster member i is same as kij calculated by cluster member j.The same process is applied for cluster heads to establish pairwise key amongst them to establish secure communication.4. Implementation4.1. Setup PhaseLet the number of nodes in the network be 6(N=6), Secure Property =3, prime number q=29 and 6 distinct key seeds 5, 8, 15, 4, 2, 174.2. Key pre-distributionSecret Symmetric matrix (D), Secretly stored in the Base Station (BS).A=(D.G)T mod 29A=Once Matrix A is calculated, Base Station pre loads key seed and a row from the matrix A into sensor node based on its identifier. The rows of matrix A represent the private keys of each node.4.3. Key GenerationSuppose consider two nodes, node 1 and node 5 wish to communicate with each other. Then node 1 and 4 need to calculate the shared secret key(pairwise key). In order to calculate the pairwise key, node 1 will multiply the assigned row A(1) which is from A and column G(4) which is calculated fro m the seed key esteem of node 4. The seed key values is broadcasted each other during shared key generation. Similarly node 4 multiplies its row A(4) with the seed key value of node 1.K1,4=2596 mod 29 =15K4,1=156905 mod 29=15It is observed that both nodes generate a common key and further communication betwixt them will make use of the pairwise key. The matrix K represents as shown below has the symmetric nature, because of the matrix D. Hence any pair of nodes can have the common key such that Ki,j=Kj,i.K=(A.G) mod 295. Analysis5.1. Local ConnectivityLocal connectivity addresses the size of key space between any neighbors. In our scheme, any pair of nodes can directly establish the shared key, under assumptions noted in the proposed scheme. Our scheme local connectivity is 1.5.2. Resilience against node capture attacksOur scheme is providing -security property to the network. If more than nodes are compromised then only it is possible to calculate the keys of others, which means that to find the k symmetric matrix. Even -1 nodes compromised, it not possible to predicate the other node key seed values. Our scheme achieves a high level of resilience against node capture attacks.5.3. Computation complexnessOur scheme needs 2+1 generation operations in the field of GFq multiplications to calculate a column of G matrix with given key seed and +1 multiplication to calculate the internal product of corresponding row-column pairs. Pairwise key establishment between neighbor nodes requires 2+1 multiplication operations. If the value is large to protect the network, it increases the computational complexity. We have do analysis between our scheme and Bloms scheme on the computations complexity. From Fig. 2 we can see computations effort for 6 nodes under different Finite Field (FGq) ranging from 0-50, 0-100, 0-150, 0-200, 0-250, 0-300, 0-350. The analysis carried out with the network size of 6 nodes and security property () 3.Figure 2. Computational Complexity for a Network with 6 nodes5.4. Communication ComplexityIn pairwise key establishment phase, sensor nodes need to broadcast a key seed identifier idi. All the materials required to generate pairwise key are loaded in the sensor node before deployment. But other key establishment schemes should perform other phases to generate a shared key between neighbors like path key establishment, rekeying, and broadcasting row values from the public matrix A. It leads to more communication overhead. But in case of our scheme has very low communication overhead. Compare to space complexity, our scheme consuming little more space than other schemes 5,6. The space complexity depends on the value of , if the value is reasonably small, then space complexity is very similar to the other schemes.6. Conclusion This paper presents the new pairwise key establishment scheme for heterogeneous wireless sensor network using the symmetric propriety of matrices. Our scheme achieves very light communication and computation complexity. The nature of heterogeneity made reasonable results in the analysis. In addition that, our scheme is updatable, scalable and secure against node capture attacks.References1 I. F. Akyildiz,W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, 2002 ,A survey on sensor networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 102114,.2 R. Blom, 1985, An best sectionalization of symmetric key generation systems, Advances in Cryptology, ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, T. Beth, N. Cot, and I. Ingemarsson, Eds. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, vol. 209, pp. 335338.3 Wenliang Du et al., 2003, A pairwise key pre-distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks, ACM transactions.4 B. Premamayudu, K. Venkata Rao, P. 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